What are the advantages of using PDO or mysqli over the deprecated mysql extension in PHP for database queries?

The deprecated mysql extension in PHP is no longer recommended for database queries due to security vulnerabilities and lack of support. It is recommended to use either PDO (PHP Data Objects) or mysqli (MySQL Improved) extensions for safer and more efficient database operations.

// Using PDO extension for database queries
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase';
$username = 'username';
$password = 'password';

try {
    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
    $stmt = $pdo->query('SELECT * FROM mytable');
    while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
        // Process each row
    }
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    echo 'Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage();
}