What are the advantages of transitioning from the mysql extension to mysqli or PDO in PHP, especially for beginners working on login systems?

Transitioning from the mysql extension to mysqli or PDO in PHP is advantageous for beginners working on login systems because it offers improved security features such as prepared statements and parameterized queries, which help prevent SQL injection attacks. Additionally, mysqli and PDO provide object-oriented interfaces and support for transactions, making it easier to work with databases in a more organized and efficient manner.

// Using mysqli to connect to a database
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$database = "dbname";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $database);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}