What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a database versus a file to store the counter value in PHP?

When storing a counter value in PHP, using a database offers advantages such as better data organization, easier data manipulation, and improved data consistency. However, using a file may be simpler and more lightweight for small-scale applications.

// Using a database to store counter value
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "counter_db";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Increment counter value in database
$sql = "UPDATE counter_table SET counter = counter + 1";
$conn->query($sql);

// Retrieve counter value from database
$sql = "SELECT counter FROM counter_table";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
$row = $result->fetch_assoc();
$counter = $row['counter'];

echo "Counter value: " . $counter;

// Close connection
$conn->close();