What are the advantages and disadvantages of modular programming in PHP?

Modular programming in PHP involves breaking down a large program into smaller, more manageable modules. This approach offers several advantages such as improved code organization, reusability of code, easier maintenance, and better collaboration among team members. However, there are also disadvantages such as potential performance overhead due to additional function calls and complexity in managing dependencies between modules.

// Example of modular programming in PHP

// Module 1: functions.php
function calculateSum($a, $b) {
    return $a + $b;
}

// Module 2: main.php
include 'functions.php';

$num1 = 5;
$num2 = 10;

$result = calculateSum($num1, $num2);

echo "The sum of $num1 and $num2 is: $result";