What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a Controller in PHP for managing rewritten URLs and retrieving data from a database?

When managing rewritten URLs and retrieving data from a database in PHP, using a Controller can help separate concerns and improve code organization. The Controller acts as an intermediary between the URL routing and database queries, making the code more modular and easier to maintain. However, overusing Controllers can lead to bloated code and decreased performance if not implemented properly.

// Example of using a Controller to manage rewritten URLs and retrieve data from a database

// Controller class
class UserController {
    public function getUser($userId) {
        // Retrieve user data from the database
        $userData = $this->getUserDataFromDB($userId);
        
        // Render the user profile view
        include 'user_profile.php';
    }
    
    private function getUserDataFromDB($userId) {
        // Database query to retrieve user data
        $query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :userId";
        // Execute the query and fetch user data
        // return $userData;
    }
}

// Router
$controller = new UserController();

// Route to user profile page
if ($_GET['url'] == 'user_profile') {
    $controller->getUser($_GET['user_id']);
}