What are some strategies for optimizing PHP code to handle dynamic SQL queries effectively?

When handling dynamic SQL queries in PHP, one effective strategy for optimization is to use prepared statements with parameterized queries. This helps prevent SQL injection attacks and can improve performance by allowing the database to cache query execution plans. Another strategy is to minimize the use of dynamic SQL by carefully designing the database schema and using stored procedures or views where appropriate.

// Example of using prepared statements with parameterized queries
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->execute(['username' => $username]);
$results = $stmt->fetchAll();
foreach ($results as $row) {
    // Process the results
}