What are some strategies for optimizing PHP code to prevent high CPU usage during complex queries?

Complex queries in PHP can lead to high CPU usage, which can slow down the application. One way to optimize PHP code and prevent high CPU usage during complex queries is to use indexes on the database tables. Indexes help the database engine quickly locate the rows that match a query, reducing the CPU load. Additionally, you can optimize the query itself by limiting the number of rows returned, using efficient joins, and avoiding unnecessary calculations.

// Example of optimizing a complex query by adding indexes to database tables
// Assuming we have a table called 'users' with columns 'id' and 'name'

// Add an index to the 'id' column
ALTER TABLE users ADD INDEX idx_id (id);

// Add an index to the 'name' column
ALTER TABLE users ADD INDEX idx_name (name);