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What are some recommended PHP functions or methods for parsing URLs and query parameters?

When working with URLs and query parameters in PHP, it is important to have functions or methods that can easily parse and extract the necessary information. The built-in functions `parse_url()` and `parse_str()` are commonly used for this purpose. `parse_url()` can parse a URL into its components like scheme, host, path, etc., while `parse_str()` can parse query parameters into an associative array.

php 
// Example using parse_url() to parse a URL
$url = 'https://www.example.com/path/to/page?param1=value1&param2=value2';
$url_components = parse_url($url);
echo $url_components['host']; // Outputs 'www.example.com'
echo $url_components['path']; // Outputs '/path/to/page'

// Example using parse_str() to parse query parameters
$query_params = [];
parse_str($url_components['query'], $query_params);
echo $query_params['param1']; // Outputs 'value1'
echo $query_params['param2']; // Outputs 'value2'

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