What are some potential pitfalls when reading, modifying, and writing data back to a MySQL table using PHP?

One potential pitfall is not properly sanitizing user input, which can lead to SQL injection attacks. To prevent this, always use prepared statements or parameterized queries when interacting with the database.

// Example of using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (:value1, :value2)");
$stmt->bindParam(':value1', $value1);
$stmt->bindParam(':value2', $value2);
$stmt->execute();