What are some potential pitfalls when using preg_replace() and preg_replace_callback() in PHP?

One potential pitfall when using preg_replace() and preg_replace_callback() in PHP is not properly escaping special characters in the regular expression pattern, which can lead to unexpected behavior or security vulnerabilities. To avoid this issue, make sure to use the preg_quote() function to escape any special characters in the pattern before using it in the regex function.

// Example of properly escaping special characters in a regular expression pattern
$pattern = '/\bword\b/';
$escaped_pattern = preg_quote($pattern, '/');
$result = preg_replace($escaped_pattern, 'replacement', $subject);