What are some potential pitfalls to avoid when working with relational databases in PHP?

One potential pitfall to avoid when working with relational databases in PHP is SQL injection attacks. To prevent this, always use prepared statements with parameterized queries to sanitize user input and prevent malicious SQL code from being executed. 

// Example of using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->execute();

Keywords

SQL injection PDO prepared statements data validation database normalization

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