What are some potential pitfalls of storing user data in an array in PHP?

Storing user data in an array in PHP can lead to security vulnerabilities such as data leakage, data manipulation, and lack of data validation. To mitigate these risks, it is recommended to use secure data storage methods such as databases with proper encryption and validation mechanisms.

// Example of storing user data in a secure database with PDO prepared statements

// Database connection
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase';
$username = 'username';
$password = 'password';
$options = array(
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false
);

try {
    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password, $options);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    die('Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
}

// Prepare statement
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO users (username, email) VALUES (:username, :email)');

// Bind parameters
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->bindParam(':email', $email);

// Execute statement
$stmt->execute();