What are some common pitfalls when trying to learn OOP in PHP?

One common pitfall when learning OOP in PHP is not properly understanding the concept of inheritance and how it can lead to code duplication. To solve this, make sure to properly structure your classes and use inheritance wisely to avoid repeating code in multiple classes. 

// Example of using inheritance to avoid code duplication

class Animal {
    public $name;
    
    public function __construct($name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }
    
    public function speak() {
        echo "Animal speaking";
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    public function speak() {
        echo "Woof!";
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
    public function speak() {
        echo "Meow!";
    }
}

$dog = new Dog("Buddy");
$dog->speak(); // Output: Woof!

$cat = new Cat("Whiskers");
$cat->speak(); // Output: Meow!

Keywords

inheritance encapsulation polymorphism class method

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