What are some common pitfalls when working with classes and properties in PHP?

One common pitfall when working with classes and properties in PHP is not properly setting visibility for properties. It is important to define whether a property should be public, private, or protected to control access levels and maintain encapsulation. Another pitfall is not properly initializing properties, which can lead to unexpected behavior or errors.

class Example {
    private $privateProperty;
    
    public function __construct() {
        $this->privateProperty = 'initialized';
    }
}