What are some common pitfalls to avoid when working with PHP?

One common pitfall to avoid when working with PHP is not properly sanitizing user input, which can leave your application vulnerable to security threats such as SQL injection attacks. To solve this issue, always use prepared statements or parameterized queries when interacting with a database to prevent malicious input from being executed as SQL commands. 

// Example of using prepared statements to sanitize user input before executing a query

// Assuming $conn is a valid database connection
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = $_POST['password'];

$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("ss", $username, $password);
$stmt->execute();

Keywords

SQL injection XSS attacks file handling errors memory leaks undefined variables

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