What are some common pitfalls to avoid when modularizing PHP code, and how can developers ensure efficient and effective modularization in their projects?

One common pitfall when modularizing PHP code is creating modules that are too tightly coupled, making it difficult to reuse or test individual components. To avoid this, developers should aim to create modules that are loosely coupled, with clear interfaces and dependencies. Additionally, developers should strive to keep modules small and focused on a single responsibility to improve maintainability and readability.

// Example of creating a loosely coupled module with clear interfaces

// Module A
interface ModuleAInterface {
    public function doSomething();
}

class ModuleA implements ModuleAInterface {
    public function doSomething() {
        // implementation
    }
}

// Module B
class ModuleB {
    private $moduleA;

    public function __construct(ModuleAInterface $moduleA) {
        $this->moduleA = $moduleA;
    }

    public function doSomethingWithModuleA() {
        $this->moduleA->doSomething();
    }
}

// Usage
$moduleA = new ModuleA();
$moduleB = new ModuleB($moduleA);
$moduleB->doSomethingWithModuleA();