What are some common pitfalls to avoid when working with PHP and MySQL databases?

One common pitfall when working with PHP and MySQL databases is not sanitizing user input, leaving the application vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. To prevent this, always use prepared statements or parameterized queries to securely interact with the database.

// Example of using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username');
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->execute();