What are some common issues with displaying special characters in PHP when switching between browsers like Firefox and IE?

Special characters may not display correctly when switching between browsers like Firefox and IE due to differences in how each browser handles character encoding. To ensure consistent display, set the character encoding in the HTML document to UTF-8 using the meta tag. This will help browsers interpret special characters correctly.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<?php
  echo "Special characters like é and ü will display correctly.";
?>
</body>
</html>