What are some common issues users face when using chmod() in PHP?

One common issue users face when using chmod() in PHP is setting incorrect file permissions, which can lead to security vulnerabilities or file access problems. To solve this issue, users should ensure they understand the numeric value corresponding to the desired file permissions (e.g., 0644 for read and write permissions for the owner and read-only permissions for others). Additionally, users should double-check the file path to ensure they are targeting the correct file.

// Set the correct file permissions using chmod()
$filename = 'example.txt';
$permissions = 0644; // Read and write permissions for the owner, read-only for others

if (file_exists($filename)) {
    chmod($filename, $permissions);
    echo 'File permissions updated successfully.';
} else {
    echo 'File does not exist.';
}