What are some common issues beginners face when dealing with Umlauts in PHP scripts?

Beginners often face issues with handling Umlauts (such as ä, ö, ü) in PHP scripts due to encoding problems. To solve this, it's important to ensure that the PHP script is using the correct character encoding, such as UTF-8. Additionally, using functions like utf8_encode() or utf8_decode() can help convert strings to the proper encoding.

// Ensure UTF-8 encoding
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

// Convert string to UTF-8 encoding
$string = utf8_encode($string);