What are some common functions in PHP that can be used to extract specific data from a string or database?

When working with strings or databases in PHP, it is common to need to extract specific data from them. Some common functions that can be used for this purpose include `substr()`, `explode()`, `preg_match()`, and `mysqli_fetch_assoc()`.

// Example of using substr() to extract a portion of a string
$string = "Hello World";
$substring = substr($string, 6); // Extracts "World"
echo $substring;

// Example of using explode() to split a string into an array based on a delimiter
$string = "apple,banana,orange";
$array = explode(",", $string); // Splits the string into an array ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
print_r($array);

// Example of using preg_match() to extract data based on a regular expression
$string = "Age: 25";
preg_match('/Age: (\d+)/', $string, $matches);
echo $matches[1]; // Extracts "25"

// Example of using mysqli_fetch_assoc() to extract data from a database query
$query = mysqli_query($connection, "SELECT * FROM users");
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($query)) {
    echo $row['username'];
}