What are some best practices for efficiently and effectively modifying array values in PHP?

When modifying array values in PHP, it is important to do so efficiently and effectively to ensure optimal performance. One best practice is to use array functions such as array_map or array_walk to iterate over the array and modify values without the need for manual looping. Another approach is to use references (&) when iterating over the array to directly modify the original values. Additionally, consider using array functions like array_filter or array_reduce to manipulate array values based on specific conditions.

// Example of efficiently modifying array values using array_map
$array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
$array = array_map(function($value) {
    return $value * 2;
}, $array);
print_r($array);