What are some best practices for handling shell commands with special characters in PHP applications?

When handling shell commands with special characters in PHP applications, it is important to properly escape these characters to prevent any unintended consequences such as command injection attacks or unexpected behavior. One way to do this is by using the escapeshellarg() function to escape individual arguments passed to shell commands. 

// Example of handling shell commands with special characters using escapeshellarg()

$command = 'ls ' . escapeshellarg('/path/with spaces/');

$output = shell_exec($command);

echo $output;

Keywords

shell commands special characters PHP applications escapeshellarg escapeshellcmd

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