What are some best practices for handling file modification checks and database operations in PHP to avoid conflicts?

When handling file modification checks and database operations in PHP to avoid conflicts, it is important to use locking mechanisms to prevent multiple processes from accessing and modifying the same resources simultaneously. This can help avoid race conditions and ensure data integrity. 

// File modification check with locking mechanism
$filename = 'example.txt';
$handle = fopen($filename, 'a+');
if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) {
    // Perform file modification check and operations here
    flock($handle, LOCK_UN); // Release the lock
} else {
    echo 'Could not get the lock!';
}
fclose($handle);
```

```php
// Database operation with transaction
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'username', 'password');
$pdo->beginTransaction();
try {
    // Perform database operations here
    $pdo->commit(); // Commit the transaction
} catch (Exception $e) {
    $pdo->rollBack(); // Rollback the transaction in case of an error
    echo 'Transaction failed: ' . $e->getMessage();
}

Keywords

file modification checks database operations conflicts PHP functions error types

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