What are some best practices for querying a database in PHP to improve code readability and efficiency?

When querying a database in PHP, it is important to use prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks and improve code readability. Additionally, using object-oriented database connection methods can make the code more organized and efficient. Lastly, consider using a database abstraction layer like PDO or MySQLi to simplify the process of querying the database. 

// Using prepared statements with PDO for querying a database
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password');
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id');
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $userId, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll();

Keywords

SQL PDO prepared statements indexing normalization

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