What are some alternative solutions or libraries that can be used to achieve the desired functionality without relying on an LDAP server in PHP?

Issue: If you need to authenticate users in PHP without relying on an LDAP server, you can use alternative solutions such as database authentication or OAuth authentication. Code snippet for database authentication:

<?php
// Connect to your database
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "database";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Retrieve user credentials from a form submission
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = $_POST['password'];

// Query the database for the user credentials
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='$username' AND password='$password'";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

// Check if the user exists in the database
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
    echo "User authenticated successfully!";
} else {
    echo "Invalid credentials. Please try again.";
}

$conn->close();
?>