What are potential pitfalls of including multiple PHP files and outputting content?

Potential pitfalls of including multiple PHP files and outputting content include conflicts with variable names, unintended output duplication, and difficulty in debugging. To avoid these issues, always use unique variable names, properly manage output buffering, and ensure that included files do not output content directly.

ob_start();
include 'file1.php';
include 'file2.php';
$content = ob_get_clean();
echo $content;