What are common reasons for the "Operation not permitted" error when trying to use chmod in PHP?

The "Operation not permitted" error in PHP when using chmod typically occurs when the script does not have sufficient permissions to modify the file permissions. To solve this issue, you can try running the PHP script with elevated permissions or changing the ownership of the file to the user running the PHP script.

<?php
$file = 'example.txt';
$permissions = 0644;

// Change ownership of the file to the user running the PHP script
chown($file, 'username');

// Set the file permissions
chmod($file, $permissions);
?>