What are common pitfalls when using PHP in conjunction with a MySQL database?

One common pitfall when using PHP in conjunction with a MySQL database is not properly sanitizing user input, which can lead to SQL injection attacks. To prevent this, always use prepared statements or parameterized queries to interact with the database.

// Example of using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->execute();