What are common issues with using shell_exec in PHP, and how can they be resolved?

Common issues with using shell_exec in PHP include security vulnerabilities due to command injection attacks and potential performance issues. To resolve these issues, it is recommended to use escapeshellarg() or escapeshellcmd() to sanitize input and avoid passing user-controlled data directly to shell_exec. 

// Sanitize input using escapeshellarg()
$user_input = $_POST['input'];
$escaped_input = escapeshellarg($user_input);
$output = shell_exec("command " . $escaped_input);

Keywords

shell_exec PHP security permissions error handling

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