What are common issues when storing and displaying special characters in a PHP application?

Common issues when storing and displaying special characters in a PHP application include encoding problems, where special characters may not be displayed correctly due to mismatched character encodings. To solve this, you can ensure that your database, PHP files, and HTML output are all using the same character encoding, such as UTF-8.

// Set the character encoding for database connection
$mysqli->set_charset("utf8");

// Set the character encoding for PHP files
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

// Set the character encoding for HTML output
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">