What are common issues when connecting to HTTPS sites using PHP?

Common issues when connecting to HTTPS sites using PHP include SSL certificate verification failures, outdated SSL protocols or cipher suites, and missing intermediate certificates. To solve these issues, you can use the `stream_context_create()` function to set SSL options, including disabling SSL verification, specifying SSL protocols and cipher suites, and providing intermediate certificates. 

$context = stream_context_create([
    'ssl' => [
        'verify_peer' => false, // Disable SSL verification
        'verify_peer_name' => false,
        'allow_self_signed' => true,
        'crypto_method' => STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT,
        'ciphers' => 'HIGH:!SSLv2:!SSLv3:!TLSv1:!TLSv1.0:!TLSv1.1', // Specify allowed cipher suites
        'cafile' => '/path/to/intermediate_cert.pem' // Provide path to intermediate certificate
    ]
]);

$response = file_get_contents('https://example.com', false, $context);

Keywords

SSL certificate cURL SSL verification HTTPS SSL handshake

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