What are common challenges when working with hierarchical data structures in PHP?

One common challenge when working with hierarchical data structures in PHP is efficiently traversing and manipulating the nested data. One way to address this is by using recursive functions to iterate through the nested elements and perform the desired operations.

function processNestedData($data) {
    foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
        if (is_array($value)) {
            processNestedData($value);
        } else {
            // Perform operations on the leaf nodes
            echo $value . PHP_EOL;
        }
    }
}

// Example usage
$data = [
    'parent' => [
        'child1' => 'value1',
        'child2' => 'value2',
        'child3' => [
            'grandchild1' => 'value3'
        ]
    ]
];

processNestedData($data);