What are best practices for maintaining data integrity and consistency when updating and inserting data in PHP applications?

To maintain data integrity and consistency when updating and inserting data in PHP applications, it is important to use prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks, validate user input to ensure data integrity, and handle errors gracefully to maintain consistency in the database. 

// Establish a database connection
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password');

// Prepare a SQL statement to insert data
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO users (username, email) VALUES (:username, :email)");

// Bind parameters and execute the statement
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->bindParam(':email', $email);
$username = 'john_doe';
$email = 'john.doe@example.com';
$stmt->execute();

// Handle errors
if($stmt->rowCount() > 0) {
    echo "Data inserted successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error inserting data";
}

Keywords

SQL injection transactions prepared statements data validation error handling

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