What are best practices for handling file permissions and ownership in a Linux environment for PHP scripts?

File permissions and ownership are crucial in a Linux environment for PHP scripts to ensure security and proper access control. It is recommended to set the appropriate permissions and ownership for files and directories to prevent unauthorized access and execution of malicious code.

// Set the file permissions to 644 (read and write for owner, read for group and others)
chmod("/path/to/file.php", 0644);

// Set the file ownership to the appropriate user and group
chown("/path/to/file.php", "username");
chgrp("/path/to/file.php", "groupname");