What are alternative methods, besides PHP, for handling frame navigation and session management in a web application?

When handling frame navigation and session management in a web application, one alternative method to PHP is using JavaScript for client-side frame navigation and cookies for session management. JavaScript can be used to dynamically update frames on the client-side without needing to reload the entire page, providing a smoother user experience. Cookies can store session data on the client-side to maintain user sessions across multiple page visits. ```javascript // JavaScript code for frame navigation function navigateFrame(url) { document.getElementById('frame').src = url; } // JavaScript code for setting a session cookie document.cookie = "session_id=123456789; expires=Wed, 31 Dec 2025 12:00:00 UTC; path=/"; ```