What alternative methods or technologies could be used to achieve the same goal of securing access to a system without using PHP?

The goal of securing access to a system can be achieved without using PHP by utilizing other server-side scripting languages such as Python, Ruby, or Node.js. These languages offer similar functionalities for handling user authentication, encryption, and access control. Additionally, implementing secure protocols like HTTPS, using secure authentication mechanisms like OAuth or JWT, and regularly updating security patches can help enhance the security of the system. ```python # Python code snippet for securing access to a system # Example using Flask framework for web development from flask import Flask, request, jsonify app = Flask(__name__) # Dummy user database users = { "admin": "password123" } @app.route('/login', methods=['POST']) def login(): data = request.get_json() username = data.get('username') password = data.get('password') if username in users and users[username] == password: return jsonify({'message': 'Login successful'}) else: return jsonify({'message': 'Invalid credentials'}) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run() ```