In what ways can understanding the concept of object copying versus object referencing improve the efficiency and functionality of PHP scripts?

Understanding the concept of object copying versus object referencing in PHP can improve efficiency by ensuring that objects are manipulated in the desired way without unintended side effects. By knowing when to use object copying (creating a new independent copy of an object) or object referencing (creating a reference to the original object), developers can optimize memory usage and prevent unexpected changes to objects.

// Object copying example
$originalObject = new stdClass();
$originalObject->property = 'value';

// Create a copy of the original object
$copyObject = clone $originalObject;

// Modify the copied object without affecting the original
$copyObject->property = 'new value';

// Object referencing example
$originalObject = new stdClass();
$originalObject->property = 'value';

// Create a reference to the original object
$referenceObject = $originalObject;

// Modify the reference object, which affects the original object
$referenceObject->property = 'new value';