In what ways can PHP developers optimize SQL queries and avoid repetitive code in scripts?

One way PHP developers can optimize SQL queries and avoid repetitive code in scripts is by using prepared statements. Prepared statements can improve performance by reducing the overhead of repeatedly parsing and optimizing SQL queries. Additionally, developers can create reusable functions or classes to encapsulate common database operations, reducing the amount of redundant code in scripts. 

// Using prepared statements to optimize SQL queries
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id");
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
$user = $stmt->fetch();

// Creating a reusable function to avoid repetitive code
function getUserById($pdo, $id) {
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id");
    $stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
    $stmt->execute();
    return $stmt->fetch();
}

$user = getUserById($pdo, $id);

Keywords

SQL optimization query caching prepared statements ORM frameworks code refactoring

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