In what ways can PHP developers enhance user identification security measures without relying solely on cookies or system data extraction?

One way PHP developers can enhance user identification security measures without relying solely on cookies or system data extraction is by implementing a token-based authentication system. This involves generating a unique token for each user upon login and storing it securely on the server. The token is then passed back and forth between the client and server for subsequent requests, ensuring that the user is authenticated without relying on cookies or system data extraction.

// Generate a unique token for the user upon login
$token = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));

// Store the token securely on the server
$_SESSION['token'] = $token;

// Validate the token on subsequent requests
if(isset($_SESSION['token']) && $_SESSION['token'] === $token){
    // User is authenticated
} else {
    // User is not authenticated
}