In what ways can debugging techniques like echoing session variables help troubleshoot issues related to authentication in PHP?

When troubleshooting authentication issues in PHP, echoing session variables can help identify if the user's session data is being properly stored and retrieved. By echoing out the session variables related to authentication (such as user ID or username), you can confirm if the user is being authenticated correctly. This can help pinpoint where the issue lies, whether it's in the authentication logic or the session handling.

// Check if user is logged in
session_start();

if(isset($_SESSION['user_id'])){
    echo "User ID: " . $_SESSION['user_id'];
    // Additional authentication logic here
} else {
    echo "User not authenticated";
}