In what scenarios should additional security measures be implemented alongside password hashing in PHP applications?

Additional security measures should be implemented alongside password hashing in PHP applications when dealing with sensitive data or high-risk scenarios. This can include using secure password hashing algorithms like bcrypt, implementing multi-factor authentication, setting up account lockouts after multiple failed login attempts, and using HTTPS to secure data transmission. 

// Example of implementing multi-factor authentication alongside password hashing in PHP

// Check if the user has entered the correct password
if (password_verify($password, $hashed_password)) {
    // Check if the user has passed the multi-factor authentication
    if ($user->isMultiFactorAuthenticated()) {
        // Allow access to the application
        echo "Access granted";
    } else {
        // Prompt the user to enter the multi-factor authentication code
        echo "Please enter your multi-factor authentication code";
    }
} else {
    // Display an error message for incorrect password
    echo "Incorrect password";
}

Keywords

password hashing PHP applications security measures encryption authentication

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