In what scenarios can multiple simultaneous fwrite calls lead to race conditions and potential bugs in PHP scripts?

Multiple simultaneous fwrite calls can lead to race conditions and potential bugs in PHP scripts when multiple processes or threads attempt to write to the same file at the same time. To solve this issue, you can use file locking mechanisms to ensure that only one process can write to the file at a time, preventing data corruption and inconsistencies.

$fp = fopen('data.txt', 'a');
if (flock($fp, LOCK_EX)) {
    fwrite($fp, 'Data to be written');
    flock($fp, LOCK_UN);
} else {
    echo 'Could not lock file';
}
fclose($fp);