In the provided PHP code, what are some best practices that could be implemented to improve security and efficiency?

Issue: The provided code is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks due to directly interpolating user input into the SQL query. To improve security and efficiency, it is recommended to use prepared statements with parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection. 

// Fix: Using prepared statements with parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection

// Establish a database connection
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password');

// Prepare a SQL statement with placeholders for parameters
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");

// Bind the parameter values to the placeholders
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $_POST['username']);

// Execute the query
$stmt->execute();

// Fetch the results
$results = $stmt->fetchAll();

// Process the results as needed
foreach ($results as $row) {
    // Do something with the data
}

Keywords

SQL injection input validation prepared statements password hashing XSS prevention

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