In the given PHP code snippet, what improvements can be made to enhance security and efficiency?

Issue: The code snippet is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks as it directly concatenates user input into the SQL query. To enhance security and efficiency, prepared statements should be used to prevent SQL injection attacks and improve query execution performance. Improved PHP code snippet: 

// Establish a database connection
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password');

// Prepare a SQL statement with placeholders
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");

// Bind the parameter values to the placeholders
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $_POST['username']);

// Execute the prepared statement
$stmt->execute();

// Fetch the results
$results = $stmt->fetchAll();

// Process the results as needed
foreach ($results as $row) {
    // Do something with the data
}

Keywords

SQL injection prepared statements password hashing input validation XSS protection

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