In PHP, how can developers handle situations where variables are not appended correctly to a URL, causing unexpected results?

When variables are not appended correctly to a URL in PHP, it can lead to unexpected results such as broken links or incorrect data being passed. To handle this situation, developers can use the `http_build_query()` function to properly encode and append variables to the URL.

// Example of handling incorrect variable appending in a URL
$base_url = 'https://example.com/page.php';
$parameters = array(
    'param1' => 'value1',
    'param2' => 'value2'
);

$url = $base_url . '?' . http_build_query($parameters);

echo $url;