In PHP development, what are the advantages and disadvantages of using a 1:n relationship for storing user settings compared to other database structures?

When storing user settings in a database, using a 1:n relationship means each user can have multiple settings records associated with them. This can provide flexibility and scalability as users can have different sets of settings. However, it can also lead to more complex queries and potentially slower performance compared to storing all settings in a single record per user.

// Example of implementing a 1:n relationship for storing user settings in PHP

// Create a table for user settings with columns user_id, setting_name, and setting_value

// To retrieve all settings for a user with user_id = 1
$query = "SELECT setting_name, setting_value FROM user_settings WHERE user_id = 1";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);

// Iterate through the result set to fetch and display user settings
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['setting_name'] . ": " . $row['setting_value'] . "<br>";
}