In a Windows environment, what is the equivalent of chmod for setting file permissions in PHP?

In a Windows environment, the equivalent of chmod for setting file permissions in PHP is the `chmod()` function. However, the `chmod()` function may not work as expected on Windows due to differences in how file permissions are handled compared to Unix-based systems. To set file permissions in a Windows environment using PHP, you can use the `cacls` command through the `exec()` function to execute a command line operation.

// Set file permissions in a Windows environment using cacls command
$file = 'example.txt';
$permissions = 'C:\Windows\System32\cacls.exe ' . $file . ' /E /G Users:F';

exec($permissions);