How does using bindParam or bindValue in PDO queries enhance security against SQL injection compared to traditional methods?

Using bindParam or bindValue in PDO queries enhances security against SQL injection compared to traditional methods because it automatically sanitizes user input, preventing malicious SQL queries from being executed. By binding parameters separately from the SQL query, it distinguishes between the data and the query itself, reducing the risk of injection attacks.

// Using bindParam or bindValue in PDO queries
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->execute();