How does the IE browser handle the transmission of the Windows username in an Intranet environment, and how can PHP interact with this feature?

In an Intranet environment, Internet Explorer (IE) automatically transmits the Windows username of the logged-in user to web servers using Integrated Windows Authentication. To interact with this feature in PHP, you can retrieve the username from the server variable $_SERVER['REMOTE_USER'].

if(isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_USER'])){
    $windowsUsername = $_SERVER['REMOTE_USER'];
    echo "Windows username: " . $windowsUsername;
} else {
    echo "Windows username not available.";
}